MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) introduced Base64 as a Content-Transfer-Encoding so that e-mail, originally limited to short lines of 7-bit ASCII, could carry images, documents and non-English text.
Rules
- Same alphabet and padding as standard Base64.
- Encoded lines must be no more than 76 characters, separated by CRLF (
\r\n). - Decoders must ignore any character not in the alphabet (such as line breaks and spaces), which makes MIME decoding lenient.
Example e-mail part
Content-Type: image/png; name="dot.png"
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="dot.png"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAADUlEQVR42mNkYPhfDwAChwGA60e6
kgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==Encoded words in headers
Subjects and names with non-ASCII characters use RFC 2047 “encoded words”:
Subject: =?UTF-8?B?R3LDvMOfZQ==?=B means Base64; the value decodes to Grüße.
Produce MIME-formatted output by choosing the “MIME” standard in the text encoder or normalization tool.
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